Ophrys sphegodes/aranifera. Ophrys araignée. Early spider orchid An orchid that is not very visible like most Ophrys whose flowers are not very colorful. Measuring between 10 and 40 cm and growing on calcareous soils: wastelands, verges. The design on the labellum is very variable and the normally green sepals and petals can be slightly colored yellow or pink. The labellum is rather elongated and the appendage is barely visible because it is curved backwards. The basal field is concolorous to the labellum but often lighter. The macular pattern is H-shaped, more or less blended into the entire macule. This H is sometimes very clearly edged with white. The pseudo-eyes are quite large and bright. There is a thin yellow margin around the labellum but often barely visible because of its convexity. Gibbosities are sometimes visible but not very marked and not at all or weakly pointed. It is found in many French departments but mainly in the west of the country and not at high altitudes. Other close species take its place in other departments where it would be rarer. One can legitimately wonder if so many species are not duplicates, the differences are sometimes subtle especially if we consider that the variations exist elsewhere within a population of the same station. All these species were named at a time when communication between scientists was not as developed and it seems difficult even today to find a consensus. At the same time as the author writes this, he is pilloried by a certain number of regional observers who could read these lines and who will refuse to admit that their local "species" does not have its identity or is just a synonym. Its name is still debated and we seem to agree on Ophrys sphegodes but we will find many documents or works with Ophrys aranifera. It is a relatively early orchid and can be observed between March and May. Click on the photos to enlarge

Platanthera chlorantha. Platanthère verte. Greater butterfly orchid. Rather widespread outside of a few departments, this orchid can be found from sea level up to 2000 meters. It grows in open meadows and in shaded areas from the end of April until July for high altitude stations. In metropolitan France, we also find Platanthera bifolia. Differentiating the two is not easy from a morphological point of view: from 20 to 60 cm, the same shades and similar leaves. It will therefore be necessary to approach it closely and observe the inside of the flower. The anthers are distant and trapezoidal in shape for chlorantha and tight and parallel for bifolia. The first views of these two species will therefore illustrate this point. Click on the photos to enlarge

Ophrys lupercalis. Ophrys des lupercales. Dark bee orchid. Ophrys from the south and south west of France, this Ophrys poses little problem of identification. It is part of Pseudophrys like Ophrys lutea. The labellum is relatively elongated, furrowed more or less deeply in its central part, devoid of humps. What is not visible lies in its pollination by specific insects (Hymenoptera generally) which position themselves with their abdomen turned towards the reproductive organs, which is the opposite of other Ophrys. Despite this peculiarity, hybrids are possible with Ophrys. The determination of the species could turn out to be complex because the authors do not agree sometimes regrouping certain taxa sometimes multiplying the species. You will therefore sometimes find a single species Ophrys fusca (Ophrys brown) with synonym Ophrys sulcata, or the 2 very distinct species. I have therefore attempted here to present views respecting the most striking distinctive elements of determination. Click on the photos to enlarge

Orchis mascula. Orchis mâle. Male orchid. The male Orchis is part of the genus Orchis, largely amputated from many species now classified in the genera Anacamptis or Dactylorhiza. Orchis are tuberous orchids, usually have two which gave them their Greek name Orchis which means testicle. One of the tubers allows the plant to grow while the second forms during this same period and will replace the original tuber which gradually withers the following year. If we were to dig up an orchid (which I of course prohibit), we would therefore find the tuber of the year more or less withered, the tuber in the making for the future season and sometimes an old one totally withered from the previous year. Orchids are fairly tall plants (20 to 60 cm), rather robust and easily spotted in meadows, wastelands or light undergrowth. The preferred soils are generally calcareous or marly and rather dry. The male orchid is of medium size, usually 15 to 30 cm, sometimes up to 50 cm. The stem is relatively thick, the leaves spread on the ground or sheathing and spotted ( but not always and this will therefore not be a distinctive criterion ). The flowers are brightly colored ranging from pink to purple with a white central part speckled with red. Generally, the numerous or not many flowers are grouped and touch each other. The male orchid is found almost everywhere in France, mainly on calcareous soils and up to 2000 meters, which makes it one of the most common orchids in our country. The plant likes cool meadows and roadsides. It flowers from April to the end of June depending on the region and altitude. Identification does not normally pose problems, but in recent years several species have been described that were previously considered to be simple variants of Orchis mascula: Orchis ichnusae (only in Corsica), Orchis olbiensis (only around the Mediterranean), Orchis langei (found in the Pyrenees) in particular. Given the very wide distribution of Orchis male and possible variability, separating these latter species from the "mascula" species may prove very difficult. Click on the photos to enlarge

Découvrez Ophrys arachnitiformis Ophrys en forme d'araignée sur Orchidée-photo.com Ophrys splendida . Ophrys splendide. Brilliant orchid. Gölz & H. R. Reinhard Ophrys splendida is one of the newly described species and, as with many very localized southern species, the taxon is debated. It is sometimes regarded as Ophrys arachnitiformis or Ophrys exaltata , with a supposedly later flowering period, but since it is not observed exactly in the same places, it is difficult to give much credit to this claim. The sepals and petals are white to pink, with a medium- to large-sized, elongated labellum. The lateral petals are white or pink in the center (generally concolorous with the sepals) and bordered with yellow or green along the wavy edges. As is sometimes the case, much depends on conviction rather than solid scientific evidence, so one must remain cautious. For my part, I provide this description and these observations with due reserve, in the hope of a settled debate and a precise diagnosis in the future. Click on the photos to enlarge

Ophrys passionis. Ophrys de la passion. An orchid of the aranifera section. It is therefore quite close to the much more common spider orchid. The petals are in principle quite wide and purple in color (entirely or at the margin). The basal field is very dark and more so than the labellum, which gives a second criterion since in O. aranifera, this field is lighter or concolorous. O. passionis flowers at the same time as O. aranifera, which leads to hybrids. It is present in far fewer departments in the south and west of France. Click on the photos to enlarge

Ophrys fuciflora. Ophrys frelon. Late spider orchid. (F.W. Schmidt) The hornet or bumblebee Ophrys is a small Ophrys in size (often 10–20 cm, sometimes up to 30 cm and exceptionally 40 cm). The habit is stocky, and the flowers are generally few in number (from 2 to 10). The labellum has a characteristic trapezoidal shape, covered with hair and variable markings. One should note the two atrophied petals, generally concolorous (pink) with the sepals behind them. Petals and sepals may be white but are always concolorous. The lateral sepals are sometimes “pointed” but may also be very rounded, so this is not a key feature for identification. The sepals are less extended than in the bee Ophrys, but there is little risk of confusion due to the overall appearance of the flower. Also note the very conspicuous yellow appendage at the tip of the labellum. This Ophrys is more easily seen in eastern France, but it is present in other French departments (a little more than half of them). In the Alps, it is found below 1400 m. It develops in habitats ranging from fresh to dry soils. It can be found on sufficiently drained embankments or roadside verges in particular, in fallow land, and sometimes in very shaded meadows. Ophrys fuciflora is also an “umbrella” species for many regional taxa for which it is difficult to recognise differences between them or with the type species. It shows variations in the shape, colour, or markings of its flowers that overlap with those of other regional names. There are also transitional forms toward Ophrys scolopax within populations, with smaller, oval labella.

Ophrys aveyronensis. Ophrys de l'Aveyron The Aveyron Ophrys is a "young" species in the sense that although it has existed for a long time, it has only been described recently. Endemic to Aveyron even if a species in Spain could be related to it (or vice versa?). Its characteristics are close to Ophrys sphegodes/aranifera (spider orchid) but its colors stand out within the family and genetically it would also have a relationship with Ophrys scolopax. Medium-sized but rather solid, it is easily noticed from mid-May to mid-June generally. Petals and sepals are pink (the petals a little darker) but its labellum presents infinite variations which take up the codes of the spider orchids (macules in the shape of H or X) but also speckled designs which make it original. It will of course be found in Aveyron, the north of Herault and sometimes Lozère. Click on the photos to enlarge

Ophrys massiliensis. Ophrys de Marseille. Early spider orchid. Almost nothing will differentiate it from the Ophrys aranifera/sphegodes (Spider Orchid) from a morphological point of view. Its labellum a little smaller perhaps? Carrying a caliper or being able to compare the 2 species in the same place is not the most convenient, even impossible since its singularity lies in its precocity because it flowers in the south of France from January most often but sometimes from the end of December. It is therefore officially only a subspecies or early regional variety, very similar to the Ophrys sphegodes (Spider Orchid). Click on the photos to enlarge

Anacamptis longicornu. Orchis à long éperon. Long spurred orchid. (Poiret) Where to find it ? Clic on the map and connect to Orchis sauvage, FFO-Fédération France Orchidées Quite close to Anacamptis morio, its purple coloring (but the shades are sometimes paler) and the fewer flowers will be determining elements. The labellum is often very folded on the sides and has a thin edge. The colors are very variable ranging from almost white to deep purple. Finally, the plant is rare in France: Corsica and some Mediterranean departments. Click on the photos to enlarge

Découvrez sur Orchidée-photo.com Dactylorhiza incarnata Orchis incarnat Dactylorhiza majalis . Orchis de Mai. Broad leaved marsh orchid. (Reichenbach) Some dactylorhizas will give you a hard time when it comes to identification, as each species varies and hybrids are common. In some regions, these hybrids may even outnumber the type species. Observing dactylorhizas is yet another demonstration that certain specialists tend to split and name what are sometimes merely varieties. Evolution is indeed underway, but it will not occur on the scale of our current humanity. Patience! I will therefore present only a few species, those whose identification remains certain. Dactylorhiza majalis grows in varied terrains but always in moist conditions. Less often in fallow land, and often in considerable numbers and density in mountain meadows. Its more or less folded labellum, its leaves which may or may not be spotted, and its variations in hue do not make diagnosis easy. (There is no point in checking whether the stem is hollow, as has sometimes been suggested for identification purposes, since dactylorhizas often have this characteristic; it would be a rather pointless sacrifice.) It flowers between April and July, depending on the habitat and altitude — which again makes it difficult to sort the various dactylorhiza species. Click on the photos to enlarge

Découvrir Sites web orchidées de France et d'Europe. Discover orchids on the internet Discover the orchids of France and Europe through a selection of remarkable sites. Subscribe to the L'Orchidophile magazine from FFO (Fédération France Orchidées) available in paper version and all archive issues (243 issues at the end of 2024) are available online for subscribers: https://france-orchidees.org/produit/connexion-seul-tarif-membres-dassociations-francophones/ French websites http://orchideesdefrance.com/crbst_32.html Un inventaire très exhaustif des orchidées françaises. Mais l'entrée se fait avec le nom de l'espèce, il faut donc la connaître avant de découvrir les vues très variées qui l'illustrent. https://caladenia.net Découvrez sur ce site des orchidées d'Australie et autres orchidées exotiques mais surtout un remarquable travail de recensement des orchidées d'Ile de France et la Nièvre. Quel contraste entre la région densément peuplée qui borde Paris et la Nièvre (88 ème département dans le classement de population). On y trouvera pourtant de nombreuses espèces et on sera surpris de voir le nombre de communes qui en abritent ! https://www.elisajeanluc.fr/orchidees_nature/index.htm Superbe site qui propose de découvrir nombreux genres et espèces de France et d'Europe mais surtout documente avec de multiples vues de paysages et photos d'orchidées in situ les voyages des deux auteurs sur différents pays et continents. Foreign websites https://orchid.unibas.ch/index.php/en/ http://www.orchidsofbritainandeurope.co.uk/index.htm